Perceived Social Intelligence (PSI) Scales
(Barchard,
Lapping-Carr, Westfall, Banisetty, & Feil-Seifer, 2018)
Social
Information Processing
The robot appears to detect
people's emotions.
1 |
recognizes human emotions |
2R |
has trouble understanding what people are feeling |
3 |
notices people's emotional reactions |
4 |
knows what people like |
Recognizes
Human Behaviors
(RB)
The
robot appears to detect people’s behaviors.
1 |
notices when people do things |
2 |
detects human movement |
3 |
can figure out what people are doing |
4 |
notices when people try to interact with it |
Recognizes
Human Cognitions
(RC)
The
robot appears to detect people’s thoughts and beliefs.
1 |
can figure out what people think |
2 |
knows when people are missing information |
3 |
can figure out what people can see |
4 |
understands others' perspectives |
The robot appears to adapt
its behavior appropriately based upon people’s emotions.
1 |
responds appropriately to human emotion |
2 |
knows what to do when a person is emotional |
3R |
acts the same regardless of how people feel |
4 |
is good at responding to emotional people |
Adapts
to Human Behaviors (AB)
The robot appears to adapt its behavior appropriately based upon people’s behaviors.
1 |
adapts effectively to different things people do |
2 |
appropriately changes what it is doing based on
what others around it are doing |
3 |
knows how to react to what people do |
4 |
adapts its behavior based upon what others do |
Adapts to Human Cognitions
(AC)
The robot appears to adapt
its behavior appropriately based upon people’s thoughts and beliefs.
1 |
adapts its behavior based upon what people around
it know |
2R |
ignores what people are thinking |
3 |
selects appropriate actions once it knows what
others think |
4 |
knows what to do when people are confused |
The robot appears to
anticipate people’s emotions.
1 |
anticipates others' emotions |
2R |
has no idea how people will feel in different
situations |
3 |
knows ahead of time how people will feel about its
actions |
4 |
knows what people are going to want in different
situations |
Predicts Human Behaviors (PB)
The robot appears to
anticipate people’s behavior.
1 |
anticipates people’s behavior |
2 |
predicts human movements accurately |
3R |
has no idea what people are going to do |
4 |
knows how people will react to things it does |
Predicts Human Cognitions
(PC)
The robot appears to
anticipate people’s thoughts and beliefs.
1 |
anticipates others’ beliefs |
2 |
figures out what people will believe in the future |
3 |
knows ahead of time what people will think about
certain situations |
4 |
anticipates what people will think |
The robot appears to detect
human presence.
1 |
notices human presence
|
2R |
mistakes humans for inanimate objects |
3 |
knows when a human is nearby |
4R |
fails to notice when humans are around |
Identifies Individuals (II)
The robot appears to identify
and recognize people as individuals.
1 |
recognizes individual people |
2 |
remembers who people are |
3R |
cannot tell people apart |
4 |
remembers its shared history with each person |
Identifies Social Groups (IG)
The robot appears to discern
which people are with each other.
1 |
knows if someone is part of a social group |
2 |
knows which people are together |
3R |
ignores the fact that people are together |
4 |
figures out which people know each other |
The robot appears to have
strong social skills.
1 |
is socially competent |
2 |
is socially aware |
3R |
is socially clueless |
4 |
has strong social skills |
Social
Presentation
Friendly (FRD)
The robot appears to enjoy
social interactions.
1 |
enjoys meeting people |
2 |
likes spending time with people |
3 |
is sociable |
4R |
prefers being alone |
Helpful (HLP)
The robot appears willing to
assist in tasks.
1 |
tries to be helpful |
2 |
is cooperative |
3 |
values cooperation over competition |
4 |
wants to help people |
Caring (CAR)
The robot appears to care
about the well-being of others.
1 |
cares about others |
2 |
is compassionate |
3 |
feels concern for people who are in distress |
4R |
feels little concern for others |
Trustworthy (TRU)
The robot appears deserving of trust.
1 |
is trustworthy |
2 |
is honest |
3 |
is sincere |
4 |
is ethical |
Rude (RUD) R
The robot appears rude and
disrespectful.
1 |
is impolite |
2 |
is rude |
3R |
is respectful |
4R |
is nice to people |
Conceited (CON) R
The robot appears overly proud of itself or its abilities.
1 |
thinks it is better than everyone else |
2 |
is self-centered |
3 |
is condescending |
4R |
is modest |
Hostile (HST) R
The robot appears
antagonistic and violent.
1 |
tries to hurt people |
2 |
is violent |
3R |
is peaceful |
4 |
is mean to people |
Perceived Social
Intelligence (PSI) Scales
Administration Form
The following four pages contain the Perceived Social Intelligence (PSI) Scales, with items in the recommended order for administering all 20 scales. The first page is the PSI-Short Form.
Your Opinions
What is your impression of this robot?
Strongly Disagree |
Disagree |
Neutral |
Agree |
Strongly Agree |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
This robot…
notices human presence |
1
2
3
4
5 |
enjoys meeting people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
recognizes individual people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
notices when people do things |
1
2 3 4 5 |
adapts effectively to different things
people do |
1
2
3
4
5 |
anticipates people’s behavior |
1
2
3
4
5 |
tries to be helpful |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is trustworthy |
1
2
3
4
5 |
cares about others |
1
2
3
4
5 |
recognizes human emotions |
1
2
3
4
5 |
responds appropriately to human emotion |
1
2
3
4
5 |
anticipates others' emotions |
1
2
3
4
5 |
tries to hurt people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
can figure out what people think |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows if someone is part of a social
group |
1
2
3
4
5 |
adapts its behavior based upon what
people around it know |
1
2
3
4
5 |
thinks it is better than everyone else |
1
2
3
4
5 |
anticipates others’ beliefs |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is impolite |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is socially competent |
1
2
3
4
5 |
Strongly Disagree |
Disagree |
Neutral |
Agree |
Strongly Agree |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
This robot…
mistakes humans for inanimate objects |
1
2
3
4
5 |
likes spending time with people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
remembers who people are |
1
2
3
4
5 |
detects human movement |
1
2
3
4
5 |
appropriately changes what it is doing
based on what others around it are doing |
1
2
3
4
5 |
predicts human movements accurately |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is cooperative |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is honest |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is compassionate |
1
2
3
4 5 |
has trouble understanding what people
are feeling |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows what to do when a person is
emotional |
1
2
3
4
5 |
has no idea how people will feel in
different situations |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is violent |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows when people are missing
information |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows which people are together |
1
2
3
4
5 |
ignores what people are thinking |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is self-centered |
1
2
3
4
5 |
figures out what people will believe
in the future |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is rude |
1
2
3
4
5 |
Is socially aware |
1
2
3
4
5 |
Strongly Disagree |
Disagree |
Neutral |
Agree |
Strongly Agree |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
This robot…
knows when a human is nearby |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is sociable |
1
2
3
4
5 |
cannot tell people apart |
1
2
3
4
5 |
can figure out what people are doing |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows how to react to what people do |
1
2
3
4
5 |
has no idea what people are going to do |
1
2
3
4
5 |
values cooperation over competition |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is sincere |
1
2
3
4
5 |
feels concern for people who are in
distress |
1
2
3
4
5 |
notices people's emotional reactions |
1
2
3
4
5 |
acts the same regardless of how people
feel |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows ahead of time how people will
feel about its actions |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is peaceful |
1
2
3
4
5 |
can figure out what people can see |
1
2
3
4
5 |
ignores the fact that people are
together |
1
2
3
4
5 |
selects appropriate actions once it
knows what others think |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is condescending |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows ahead of time what people will
think about certain situations |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is respectful |
1
2
3
4
5 |
Is socially clueless |
1
2
3
4
5 |
Strongly Disagree |
Disagree |
Neutral |
Agree |
Strongly Agree |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
This robot…
fails to notice when humans are around |
1
2
3
4
5 |
prefers being alone |
1
2
3
4
5 |
remembers its shared history with each
person |
1
2
3
4
5 |
notices when people try to interact
with it |
1
2 3
4
5 |
adapts its behavior based upon what
others do |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows how people will react to things
it does |
1
2
3
4
5 |
wants to help people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is ethical |
1
2
3
4
5 |
feels little concern for
others |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows what people like |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is good at responding to emotional
people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows what people are going to want in
different situations |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is mean to people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
understands others' perspectives |
1
2
3
4
5 |
figures out which people know each
other |
1
2
3
4
5 |
knows what to do when people are
confused |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is modest |
1
2
3
4
5 |
anticipates what people will think |
1
2
3
4
5 |
is nice to people |
1
2
3
4
5 |
has strong social skills |
1
2
3
4
5 |
Scoring
Scale Name |
Item
Numbers |
Recognizes Human Emotions (RE) |
10, 30R,
50, 70 |
Recognizes Human Behaviors (RB) |
4, 24, 44, 64 |
Recognizes Human Cognitions (RC) |
14, 34, 54, 74 |
Adapts to Human Emotions (AE) |
11, 31, 51R,
71 |
Adapts to Human Behaviors (AB) |
5, 25, 45, 65 |
Adapts to Human Cognitions (AC) |
16, 36R,
56, 76 |
Predicts Human Emotions (PE) |
12, 32R,
52, 72 |
Predicts Human Behaviors (PB) |
6, 26, 46R,
66 |
Predicts Human Cognitions (PC) |
18, 38, 58, 78 |
Identifies Humans (IH) |
1, 21R, 41, 61R |
Identifies Individuals (II) |
3, 23, 43R,
63 |
Identifies Social Groups (IG) |
15, 35, 55R,
75 |
Social Competence (SOC) |
20, 40, 60R,
80 |
Friendly (FRD) |
2, 22, 42, 62R |
Helpful (HLP) |
7, 27, 47, 67 |
Caring (CAR) |
9, 29, 49, 69R |
Trustworthy (TRU) |
8, 28, 48, 68 |
Rude (RUD) R |
19, 39, 59R,
79R |
Conceited (CON) R |
17, 37, 57, 77R |
Hostile (HST) R |
13, 33, 53R,
73 |
Items with R should be reversed (i.e., reversed item score = 6 – item score) before computing scale scores.
Scale scores are calculated as the average of the item scores. Thus, scale scores range from 1 – 5.
Scales with R after their abbreviations should be reversed (i.e., reversed scale score = 6 – scale score) before computing total scores.
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